Iniúcadh ar Dhlíthe na Coinbhleachta Armtha i dtaobh cé acu a Maolaíodh Brúidiúlacht an Chogaidh nó Nach Maolaíodh
| Author | Barry Hennessy |
| Position | BCL (International) LL.M University College Cork |
| Pages | 22-30 |
[2011] COLR
22
INIÚCADH AR DHLÍTHE NA COINBHLEACHTA ARMTHA I dTAOBH
CÉ ACU A MAOLAÍODH BRÚIDIÚLACHT AN CHOGAIDH NÓ NACH
MAOLAÍODH
Barry Hennessy*
A RÉAMHRÁ
San aiste seo, beartaítear forbairt stairiúil dhlíthe na coinbhleachta armtha a anailísiú agus
breithniú a dhéanamh ar thionchar na forbartha sin, go háirithe i dtaobh cé acu a maolaíodh
brúidiúlacht an chogaidh nó nach maolaíodh. Is é atá i gceist leis an nDlí Daonchairdiúil
Idirnáisiúnta (DDI) ná ‗… set of rules which seek, for humanitarian reasons, to limit the effects of
armed conflict.‘
1
Is é is riachtanaí don iarracht sin, chun teorainn a chur le héifeachtaí
coinbhleachta armtha, ná riachtanas go gcosnófar comhraiceoirí mar aon le
neamhchomhraiceoirí. Ní chuirtear DDI i bhfeidhm ach amháin dá mbeadh coinbhleacht armtha
ann.
2
Aicmíodh coinbhleacht armtha mar choinbhleachtaí le tréith idirnáisiúnta go traidisiúnta. I
bhfianaise coinbhleachtaí inmheánacha, áfach, mar shampla Cogadh Cathartha na Spáinne,
foráiltear le Comhairteagal 3 de Choinbhinsiúin na Ginéive go mbíonn ar gach páirtí sa
choinbhleacht caighdeáin íosta áirithe a urramú i ‗armed conflicts not of an international
character.‘
3
Tá trí bhunfhoinse DDI: conarthaí, dlí idirnáisiúnta gnách agus prionsabail
ghinearálta. Is iad idirdhealú, comhréireacht agus riachtanas trí phrionsabal ginearálta an DDI.
B FORBAIRT AN DDI
1 Forbairt Réamh-nua-aimseartha an DDI
Meastar go ginearálta go bhfuil DDI nua-aimseartha roinnte ina dhá ‗shruth‘ nó ‗bhrainse‘: sin é
dlí na Háige agus dlí na Ginéive.
4
Ach bhí iarrachtaí chun brúidiúlacht an chogaidh a mhaolú á
ndéanamh ag an bpobal idirnáisiúnta níos luaithe ná an nua-chódú sin. Dearbhaítear le Geoffrey
Best, ina leabhair War & Law Since 1945
5
cé nach bhfuiltear in ann a rá conas a tharla cogadh i
* BCL (International) LL.M University College Cork.
1
‗What is international humanitarian law?‘
2
D Jinks ‗The Temporal Scope of Application of International Humanitarian Law in Contemporary Conflicts‘ The
International Humanitarian Law Research Initiative 27 Eanair 2003 lch 2
3
ibid.
4
F Kalshoven & L Zegveld Constraints on the Waging of War An Introduction to International Humanitarian Law
(3rd ed ICRC Geneva 2001) 19.
5
G Best War & Law Since 1945 (Oxford University Press New York 1994).
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